Smart Parking Systems: A Review of Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions

Abstract

Urbanization has led to a rapid increase in the number of vehicles, creating serious challenges in parking management. The growing demand for parking spaces results in traffic congestion, excessive time spent searching for available slots, and inefficient use of parking infrastructure. Conventional parking systems rely heavily on manual processes, making them slow, unreliable, and unsuitable for modern urban needs.

With the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart parking systems have emerged as an effective solution to these challenges. IoT-based parking systems integrate sensors, communication networks, and real-time data processing to provide accurate parking availability information. These systems help reduce traffic congestion, minimize fuel consumption, and lower carbon emissions. This paper focuses on analyzing smart parking systems from a technical perspective, emphasizing system architecture, sensor technologies, and solutions discussed in existing research.